منابع مشابه
Bacterial toxins.
Many bacterial toxins are proteins, encoded by the bacterial chromosomal genes, plasmids or phages. Lysogenic phages form part of the chromosome. The toxins are usually liberated from the organism by lysis, but some are shed with outer membrane proteins in outer membrane vesicles. An important non-protein toxin is lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, which is a constituent of the cell wall of gram ...
متن کاملBacterial toxins deliver the goods.
Some toxins produced by bacteria are so potent that scientists have long considered putting them to good use. This became possible when their structures were determined through the combined use of molecular biology and structural biochemistry. The current status of targeted toxin technology is perhaps best illustrated by exotoxin A produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium t...
متن کاملBacterial toxins modifying the actin cytoskeleton.
Numerous bacterial toxins recognize the actin cytoskeleton as a target. The clostridial binary toxins (Iota and C2 families) ADP-ribosylate the actin monomers causing the dissociation of the actin filaments. The large clostridial toxins from Clostridium difficile, Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium novyi inactivate, by glucosylation, proteins from the Rho family that regulate actin polymeriz...
متن کاملAutoproteolytic Activation of Bacterial Toxins
Protease domains within toxins typically act as the primary effector domain within target cells. By contrast, the primary function of the cysteine protease domain (CPD) in Multifunctional Autoprocessing RTX-like (MARTX) and Clostridium sp. glucosylating toxin families is to proteolytically cleave the toxin and release its cognate effector domains. The CPD becomes activated upon binding to the e...
متن کاملBacterial Toxins for Cancer Therapy
Several pathogenic bacteria secrete toxins to inhibit the immune system of the infected organism. Frequently, they catalyze a covalent modification of specific proteins. Thereby, they block production and/or secretion of antibodies or cytokines. Moreover, they disable migration of macrophages and disturb the barrier function of epithelia. In most cases, these toxins are extremely effective enzy...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
سال: 1901
ISSN: 0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1901.52470080001001